ABSTRACT
The current study was carried out systematically by conducting a review of the literature. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the effects of brace wearing on sagittal parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). In this study, PubMed/MEDLINE (National Library of Medicine), Scopus, Ovid, CINAHL, PEDro, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library were accessed and searched using the patient, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design model. We included studies that looked at the effects of brace treatment on sagittal spinopelvic parameters in AIS patients over the age of 18. The studies were chosen for their cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective observational designs, and they were published in English. Review articles, case reports, case study designs, and conference abstracts were excluded from consideration. The methodological quality of the remaining articles was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. A total of 12 studies were chosen, and 995 participants were evaluated, with 3 (25%) and 9 (75%) having high and moderate quality, respectively. The studies were classified based on the length of follow-up. Long-term, short-term, and immediate effects of brace wearing on sagittal spinopelvic parameters were reported in four, five, and three studies, respectively. The results of nine studies showed a significant decrease in Cobb angle after wearing the brace, which contradicted the findings of the other two. The cervical and sagittal pelvic parameters, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), spinopelvic parameters, and sagittal balance were all evaluated in the intended studies, yielding varying results. According to the available literature, wearing a brace flattens the TK and LL. According to this systematic review, brace treatment may affect sagittal spinopelvic parameters in adolescents with AIS, particularly in TK and LL. The cervical and pelvic parameters yielded inconclusive results. This study backs up the idea that brace design and structure can influence sagittal parameter changes. The limitations of this study include different methods of parameter measurement, variations in the brace types and wear time, varying follow-up duration, and differences in participant characteristics.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the relationship between neck circumferences and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome. In a cross-sectional study, 100 patients with acute coronary syndrome in Kerman hospitals were assessed by measuring their neck circumference and risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The data were analyzed by student t -test, Man-Whitney U test, chi[2] and Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The mean of neck circumference in men with body mass index [BMI] >/= 25 kg/m[2] was 39.63 +/- 3.02 cm and for women it was 36.47 +/- 2.00 cm. The mean of neck circumference in overweight group was 42.70 +/- 2.99 cm for men and 38.66 +/- 3.28 cm for women. Neck circumference >/= 41.5 cm for men and >/= 36.5 cm for women were the best cutoff levels for determining the patients with BMI >/= 25 kg/m[2]. There were some associations between some cardiovascular disease risk factors. These risk factors were usually related to increasing weight. Because of fat accumulation in neck during weight gaining, this index can be used as a simple and easy screening way to recognize people with high weights
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Nowadays technology development has remarkable and undeniable effects on caring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telenursing [cellphone software] on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It was a clinical trial with IRCT201009114728N1 Registration Code. In the spring of 2011 from patients of Valiasr hospital department of endocrinology 60 patients were chosen and randomly allocated in two groups. The Demographic questionnaire was completed by them. Blood sample for A1c hemoglobin was taken from patients. In the intervention group cellphone software was installed on the personal mobile of participants. The data was analyzed by t-test and SPSS 21. The pre and post A1c hemoglobin was -0.58 +/- 0.77 and -0.19 +/- 0.51 respectively and this difference was significant [P<0.05]. The result indicated that telenursing by using cellphone software can have positive effect on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This technology can persuade patients and health team members to follow up caring of these patients more effectively.
Subject(s)
Humans , Glycated Hemoglobin , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cell PhoneABSTRACT
Sleep disturbance depends on factors such as noise and light in cardiac care unit [CCU]. It can lead to acute coronary syndrome in some patients. This study was designed to compare the effect of using eye mask and earplugs in improvement of sleep in CCU patients. This randomized clinical trial conducted on 90 patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Jiroft in 1390. The IRCT registration code was IRCT201205139731N1. Participants at the first night of admission were randomly divided into three groups: eye mask, earplugs and both eye mask and earplugs users. According to crossover method, half of the patients in each group were assumed control for themselves the first night and the other half on the second night. The VSH-scale was used. The data was analyzed by paired T-test. The mean score of sleep quality showed a significant difference before and after the intervention in all groups [P<0.05]. This difference was just on the sleep disturbance criterion in eye mask and earplugs group [p=0.044] and was in the criterion of sleep disturbance [p=0.003] and effectiveness [p=0.004] in eye mask group. Patient of earplug group showed advances in all criterion of sleep quality [supplement, disturbance and effectiveness] [P<0.001]. Results suggest that eye mask and earplugs improve sleep but earplugs are more effective. Eye mask and earplugs as low-cost, comfortable and uncomplicated devices can improve sleep quality in patients. Nurses can use these devices for reducing the environmental factors to help patient's sleep.
Subject(s)
Humans , Ear Protective Devices , Eye Protective Devices , Coronary Care UnitsABSTRACT
Medical procedures, particularly injection, cause anxiety in children. Coping with invasive medical treatment is an important issue for all children, particularly chronically ill children such as thalassemic children who may have to endure many treatment procedures. This study examined the effect of breathing exersice on the anxiety resulted from the injection procedure in thalassemic school-age children in Kerman thalassemia center. In this clinical trial, 40 thalassemia children with 6-12 years old, in Kerman thalasemia center were selected through convenience sampling method. Then subjects were randomly allocated in two groups [experimental group and control group]. In experimental group, bubble making was used. Data collection tools were: Demographic Information Questionnaire, and the Scale of facial self reported anxiety. The analysis of the data was carried out through SPSS 16. Average score of anxiety in bubble making group was 2.9 +/- 1.5 before and 1.0 +/- 1.1 after injection. The average score in control group was 3.1 +/- 2.2 before and 2.4 +/- 2.1after injection. There was no significant difference between two groups of study regarding the average scores of anxiety before the injection [p>0.05] but there was a significant difference between two groups regarding the average scores of anxiety after the injection [p>0.05]. The results of this study showed that bubble making is an effective method to decrease anxiety resulted from the injection procedures.
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The purpose of this study was to explore nurses' attitudes to the barriers of patient education as a right for getting information based on work situation of nurses, educational facilities in hospitals, and patients' situation. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional design. The populations consisted of 240 nurses affiliated in the Educational Hospitals. The data were gathered by a questionnaire. Demographic variables and three domains were studied. Twenty questions were about their working situation, 4 questions about hospital educating facilities, and 12 questions were about patients' situation in hospital. The type and frequency of education barriers were evaluated, and variables associated with reporting an obstacle were analyzed. In our questionnaire, we used a Likert scale for determining severity of three domains as the barriers of patient education that ranged from 0 to 4. Generally, it was obvious that educational condition in our hospitals was not good and most of the nurses believed that patient education is not their duties, facilities in hospitals are not sufficient and shortness of time is the most important cause of insufficiency of patient education. The interactions of patient, physician and systemic factors have implications for the implementation of patient education. The failure of adequate patient education may be attributed to the lack of patient adherence, the failure of nurses' knowledge and skill level or the insufficient funding and organization of necessary programs in the current health care system.
ABSTRACT
Sampling in qualitative and quantitative research are very different, because it aims, gaining a deep understanding of the phenomenon is being investigated, rather than generalizing the results. Participants Selection in the qualitative study is done with aim of achieve the maximum information about the phenomenon under study. In quantitative research there is too much emphasis on a random selection, an equal chance for selection of all members of the research community, but in the qualitative study samples or participants are selected or invited. Purposive sampling that also is called purposeful or qualitative sampling that means purposeful selection of samples for acquiring knowledge or information. This type of sampling does not focus on developing the fixed and immutable rules or generalizing the results but try to better understand the phenomenon in special field. Purposive sampling consists of three main types including "Sampling to Achieve Representativeness or Comparability", "Sampling Special or Unique Cases" and "Sequential Sampling". Saturation in qualitative research as a method of sampling is considered the gold standard. In this paper, we tried to introduce the participant's selection methods and the differences between quantitative and qualitative method and the strategy for decision making about data saturation will be offered